Key organelles found in eukaryotic cells include the nucleus, which stores DNA and controls gene expression; the mitochondria, which generate ATP through cellular respiration; the endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), involved in protein and lipid synthesis; and the Golgi apparatus, which modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport. Other important organelles include lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes for breaking down materials, and in plant cells, chloroplasts, which carry out photosynthesis, and a central vacuole, which helps maintain structure and stores substances.
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