Critics argue that neutralization theory does not incorporate recent advancements in the study of self-narratives and cognitive factors and that it focuses on internal justifications but ignores external factors. It is difficult to find empirical evidence for some of the claims the theory makes, and the theory is limited in its explanation of criminal etiology. Experts argue that the theory needs to be developed further, given more recent advancements in the study of self-narratives and cognitive factors in human behavior, and is not equally useful in understanding all types of criminal behavior.
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