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What are pathogenic strains of E. coli?

Pathogenic strains of E. coli are varieties that possess genes enabling them to cause disease. Depending on the strain, they may produce toxins, attach to intestinal cells, or invade tissues. Some cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal illness, while others can cause urinary tract infections, sepsis, or meningitis. Most strains of E. coli are harmless.