Mangroves are specialized shrubs and trees that grow in coastal wetlands in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. They typically form dense thickets or forests along tidal estuaries, muddy shorelines, river mouths, and salt marshes where freshwater and seawater mix. Mangroves are uniquely adapted to survive in salty, oxygen-poor soils through specialized root systems such as prop roots and pneumatophores, which help stabilize the plants and facilitate gas exchange.
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