Vietnam’s interactions with neighboring countries, especially China, deeply influenced its history. After achieving independence from China in 938 ce, Vietnam maintained a tributary relationship in which it exchanged goods for Chinese philosophical, administrative, and literary influence. Meanwhile, Vietnam expanded its territory southward, conquering Champa in 1471 and later parts of the Khmer empire, including the Mekong River delta. By 1757 Vietnam had largely reached its present size, with Soc Trang annexed in 1840.
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