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How has Frankenstein been adapted in popular culture?

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Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein has been adapted into numerous films, plays, and books. Notable adaptations include James Whale’s 1931 film starring Boris Karloff as the monster, Mel Brooks’s 1974 comedy film Young Frankenstein, and modern retellings such as Ahmed Saadwadi’s 2013 novel Frankenstein in Baghdad. Other notable film adaptations are Guillermo del Toro’s 2025 film Frankenstein and Maggie Gyllenhaal’s 2026 film The Bride!, which also reimagines Whale’s 1935 film Bride of Frankenstein.