Mashhad’s economy relies heavily on tourism, especially pilgrimages to the shrine of ʿAlī al-Riḍā, which attracts over 20 million tourists annually. The city provides a range of accommodations, from simple hostels to luxury hotels, for the pilgrims. Religious life centers around the shrine, drawing Shiʿi pilgrims from Iran and worldwide. Mashhad is Iran’s second most populous city, and the number of people increases due to tourists, pilgrims, and refugees.
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