Recombinant DNA technology is a method used to combine genetic material from different sources and introduce it into a living cell, where it can be copied or expressed. The process typically begins by cutting DNA from a donor organism using restriction enzymes. The desired gene is then inserted into a carrier molecule, usually a plasmid (a small circular piece of DNA), using another enzyme known as DNA ligase, which joins DNA fragments together. This recombinant DNA is introduced into a host cell—commonly bacteria—through a process called transformation.
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