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How does norovirus spread?

Norovirus spreads very easily through direct contact with infected individuals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or contact with contaminated surfaces. The virus can be transferred when people touch objects such as door handles, railings, or shared utensils and then touch their mouth. It also spreads rapidly in crowded or enclosed environments—including cruise ships, schools, hospitals, and nursing homes—because only a small number of viral particles are needed to cause infection.