Iran is unable to sell its oil more broadly because of a series of international sanctions that preceded and succeeded the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), an international agreement that lasted from 2015 to 2019. However, over the years the country has constructed a shadow exporting process (which involves largely unregulated tankers) to move the oil. China pays for the oil it receives by funding and lending its construction expertise to development projects that improve Iran’s infrastructure.
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