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How did the federal government respond to the violence against Freedom Riders?

After violent attacks against Freedom Riders in Alabama, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy sent federal marshals to provide protection and pressed Alabama Gov. John Patterson to employ the state’s National Guard to maintain the peace. On May 29, 1961, Kennedy petitioned the Interstate Commerce Commission to enforce desegregation in interstate travel, and the commission subsequently expanded its rules to prohibit segregation in terminal facilities, effective November 1, 1961.