Gunpowder and weapons spread across Eurasia through warfare, trade, and travel, particularly during the Mongol expansions of the 13th and 14th centuries. By the late medieval period, knowledge of firearms and artillery had reached the Islamic world, where it was adapted and further developed by emerging imperial states. The Ottomans used gunpowder in warfare by employing artillery such as cannons and bombs and incorporating firearms such as muskets into their military forces, including using specialized units such as cannoneers and Janissaries.
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style