The 1815 Mount Tambora eruption sent ash, pumice, other rock, and aerosols into the atmosphere, including an estimated 60 megatons of sulfur. This material mixed with atmospheric gases and blocked substantial amounts of sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface. As a result, the average global temperature eventually fell by as much as 3 °C (5.4 °F). In 1816, western Europe and eastern North America had periods of heavy snow and killing frost during June, July, and August.
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