The Heian period ended as the growing power of provincial warriors transformed Japanese politics. During the 12th century the Taira and Minamoto warrior families became increasingly involved in struggles at the imperial court. Their rivalry culminated in the Gempei War (1180–85), in which the Minamoto defeated the Taira. Minamoto Yoritomo established a military government at Kamakura, which exercised authority through warrior officials while the emperor and imperial court remained in Kyōto. Yoritomo was appointed shogun in 1192; Japan’s classical age of aristocratic, imperial government had given way to the medieval age of the samurai.
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