Guru Arjan and the Sikh community prospered until the Mughal emperor Akbar died and his successor, Jahangir, began to oppress the Sikhs. Rumors against the Guru were spread by persons jealous of Arjan’s popularity, and he was taken before Jahangir, who fined him 200,000 rupees and ordered the elimination of sections of the Adi Granth that gave offense to either Hinduism or Islam. Guru Arjan refused and was tortured to death. After Guru Arjan’s death, the Sikhs, recognizing that they would be subject to further persecution by Mughal rulers, became more militaristic. Building on the growing spiritual and temporal authority under Guru Arjan, his 11-year-old son and successor, Guru Hargobind, organized the Sikh community for self-defense.
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