Ethiopia’s resistance to colonization stands out due to its successful military opposition, particularly during the Battle of Adwa in 1896, where Emperor Menilek II’s forces decisively defeated the invading Italian army. This victory was the first crushing defeat of a European power by African forces during the colonial era. While many African countries faced colonial rule, Ethiopia maintained its sovereign independence, although not without challenges, including a brief period of Italian occupation (1936–41) in later years.
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