At the UmeƄ Centre for Microbial Research, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Elitza Deltcheva showed that the CRISPR system could cut and modify DNA at specific places in a genome. Deltcheva provided evidence that tracrRNA and CRISPR RNA work together to guide the Cas9 protein to particular DNA sequences. Charpentier then collaborated with American biochemist Jennifer Doudna to elucidate the mechanism by which Cas9 uses RNA to recognize and cleave specific DNA sequences, providing the foundation for the application of CRISPR-Cas9 as a gene-editing tool.
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