Arab scholars made considerable contributions to science and significantly influenced history. They preserved and expanded upon the science of the ancient Greeks, and they constructed astronomical observatories that checked Ptolemaic predictions and contributed to the creation of algebra. Figures such as al-Rāzī and Avicenna made significant contributions to medicine. Al-Rāzī wrote extensively on medicine and gave clear descriptions of smallpox and measles, and Avicenna’s The Canon of Medicine was used in medical schools for centuries. Arab physicians also made advances in chemistry and the preparation of medicines.
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