No. Two disputes over fisheries, the “Cod Wars” (1958–1976, between Iceland and the United Kingdom) and the “Turbot Wars” (1995, between Canada and Spain), were resolved bloodlessly, although Iceland did threaten to withdraw from NATO over the matter. The closest that two NATO members have come to open hostilities was in Cyprus in 1974. After Greece’s military junta backed a coup in Cyprus—the goal of which was to achieve enosis (union between Greece and Cyprus)—Turkish troops landed and eventually occupied the northern third of the island. Open war between Greece and Turkey was avoided in part because the Greek junta’s attempt to mobilize was so disastrous and domestically unpopular that it led to the collapse of the military government and the restoration of democracy in Athens.
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