No, not all sedentary societies practice agriculture. Some hunter-gatherers are able to maintain a sedentary or semisedentary lifestyle by settling in a location where they have access to a large number of resources. The people of the Natufian culture of the Levant were largely sedentary hunter-gatherers before agriculture was developed in the region. The people of the Jōmon culture of Japan supported their permanent settlements primarily with wild resources for several thousand years.
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