Adalbert

Adalbert (died c. 972–975) was a Lombard king of Italy, who shared the throne for 11 years with his father, Berengar II, and after Berengar’s exile continued his father’s struggle against the German king and Holy Roman emperor Otto I.

Adalbert joined his father in 946–947 in fighting the co-kings of Italy, Hugh of Provence and his son Lothar. After Lothar’s death in 950, Adalbert was crowned with Berengar at Pavia. When Lothar’s widow, Adelaide, refused to marry Adalbert and Berengar imprisoned her, Otto I marched into Italy in 951 to rescue and marry her. After Otto’s return to Germany, Berengar and Adalbert resumed the throne and in August 952 swore homage to Otto.

In 956 Otto sent his son Liudolf against Berengar and Adalbert, but, when Liudolf died of malaria after a temporary victory, the co-kings continued to rule. When Otto again invaded Italy and was crowned emperor (962) by the pope, Adalbert fled to Provence.

Returning to Italy in the autumn of 963, Adalbert was summoned to Rome by Pope John XII, who had quarreled with Otto and now offered his support to Adalbert. Adalbert and the pope fled when Otto marched on Rome, installing a new pope, Leo VIII. With Otto back in Germany, Adalbert assumed the throne again. In 965 an army sent by Otto drove Adalbert from Pavia; the following autumn Otto inflicted a final crushing defeat on him and his supporters.