Naį¹£r ibn SayyÄr
Naį¹£r ibn SayyÄr (died 748) was the governor of KhorÄsÄn (now part of Iran) and other eastern provinces from 738 to 748, under the last of the Umayyad caliphs.
Naį¹£r distinguished himself by his military leadership and clever, humane diplomacy. Having led a campaign against two rebellious tribes, Naį¹£r was appointed governor of KhorÄsÄn by the caliph al-Malik at the age of 74. Naį¹£r waged a vigorous war against his Turkish neighbours, certain dissident tribes and, at the last, the ŹæAbbÄsid family who later seized the caliphate. Besides al-Malik, he also served the Umayyad caliphs HishÄm, al-WalÄ«d II, and YazÄ«d III. He introduced the system of land taxation for Muslims and poll taxes for non-Muslims and did much to reduce Arab intertribal hostilities.