Ivan Klíma

Ivan Klíma (born September 14, 1931, Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic]—died October 4, 2025, Prague, Czech Republic) was a Czech author whose fiction and plays were long banned by his country’s communist rulers.

Klíma spent three boyhood years in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II, an experience he recorded in his first published writing in 1945. His first book, Mezi třemi hranicemi (1960; “Between Three Borders”), was a nonfiction work on Slovakia. In the 1960s he wrote stories for animated films, served as the editor of Literární noviny (“Literary News”), edited a book of essays by Karel Čapek, and wrote fiction, including the short stories of Milenci na jednu noc (1964; “Lovers for One Night,” partially translated in Lovers for a Day) and the novel Lod’ jménem Naděje (1969; A Ship Named Hope). During this time Klima was also a member of the communist party. However, after the harsh suppression of the Prague Spring (1968) and its liberal policies, he became disillusioned with communism.

Among Klíma’s works in the 1970s and 1980s were the novel Milostné léto (A Summer Affair), concerning the fate of a biologist who has an obsessive love affair; a collection of four linked short stories titled Moje první lásky (My First Loves); Soudce z milosti (1986; Judge on Trial), a Prague novel about a judge who is jeopardized by his friendships with liberals; and Láska a smetí (1988; Love and Garbage), the narrator of which is a banned Czech writer who sweeps streets for a living while meditating on Franz Kafka and other momentous matters. Klíma’s later fiction included Čekání na tmu, čekání na světlo (1993; Waiting for the Dark, Waiting for the Light), about a Czech cameraman floundering in the prosperity that follows oppression; and Ani svatí, ani andělé (2001; No Saints or Angels), about cultural and personal havoc in contemporary Prague. His biography of Čapek, The Life and Work of Karel Čapek, was published in 2002.

Klíma also wrote a series of plays. Zámek (1964; The Castle) depicts elitist intellectuals in a castle who murder their visitors; it was considered a parable on communist morality. Porota (1969; The Jury) portrays a dilemma of responsibility versus despotism; it was the last of his plays to be freely performed in Czechoslovakia. Klíma’s one-act plays, such as Klára a dva páni (1968; “Klara”), Cukrárna Myriam (1971; “Sweetshop Myriam”), and Hry (1975; “Games”), are distinguished by tense plots and absurd situations. Klima’s memoir, Moje šílené století (My Crazy Century), was published in 2009.