Gregory VIII

Gregory VIII (born, Benevento, Papal States [Italy]—died 1187, Pisa) was the pope from Oct. 21 to Dec. 17, 1187.

A Cistercian of noble birth, he was appointed cardinal (1155–56) by Pope Adrian IV before being elected (October 21) at Ferrara, Romagna, to succeed Pope Urban III. Elected with imperial support, he began reforms in the Curia and for the clergy as a whole and took immediate measures to restore Jerusalem to the Christians by initiating the Third Crusade but died during an effort to reconcile the rival Italian seaports of Pisa and Genoa in order to expedite shipments to the Holy Land.