History of U.S. Land Acquisitions
Over the course of a little more than a century, the United States transformed from a young republic along the Atlantic seaboard into a continental—and overseas—power through westward expansion and territorial additions. The map and table below reveal the monumental impact of seven major land acquisitions between 1803 and 1917. Today—even after a loss of more than 85 million acres (132,810 square miles, or 343,980 square km) when the Philippines gained independence in 1946—the United States remains more than 2 million square miles (5 million square km) larger than it was at the dawn of the 19th century.
History of U.S. land acquisitionsBetween 1803 and 1917, the United States acquired more than 1,388,000,000 acres (2,168,750 square miles, or about 5,617,000 square km) of land. The land acquired through the Mexican Cession is in the southwest (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo).
| acquisition | seller | year | acres | square miles | square km | cost when purchased | cost in 2024 dollars |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1$11,250,000, plus $3,750,000 in claims made by U.S. citizens against France. | |||||||
| 2$5 million in assumed liability, not a direct purchase. | |||||||
| 3$15 million, plus $3 million in claims made by U.S. citizens against Mexico, as specified in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. | |||||||
| 4Philippines gained independence in 1946. | |||||||
| Louisiana Purchase | France | 1803 | 530,000,000 | 828,125 | 2,144,834 | $15 million1 | $443.6 million |
| Florida (East and West) | Spain | 1819 (effective 1821) | 42,084,480 | 65,757 | 170,310 | $5 million2 | $131.4 million |
| Mexican Cession | Mexico | 1848 | 336,000,000 | 525,000 | 1,359,744 | $15 million3 | $635.5 million |
| Gadsden Purchase | Mexico | 1853 | 18,988,800 | 29,670 | 76,845 | $10 million | $432.7 million |
| Alaska Purchase | Russia | 1867 | 375,303,680 | 586,412 | 1,518,800 | $7.2 million | $162.7 million |
| Treaty of Paris: Philippines4 | Spain | 1898 | 85,913,600 | 134,240 | 347,680 | $20 million | $806.3 million |
| Danish Virgin Islands | Denmark | 1917 | 85,760 | 134 | 347 | $25 million | $632.1 million |
Citation Information
Article Title:
History of U.S. Land Acquisitions
Website Name:
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Publisher:
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Date Published:
13 April 2026
Access Date:
November 15, 2026
