Omagh bombing

Omagh bombing, terrorist attack in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, on August 15, 1998, in which a bomb concealed in a car exploded, killing 29 people and injuring more than 200 others. The Omagh bombing, carried out by members of the Real Irish Republican Army (Real IRA, or New IRA), was the deadliest and most-damaging attack to have occurred during the three-decades-long civil conflict known as the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The attack came just months after the citizens of Northern Ireland voted in favour of the Good Friday Agreement, a document laying out the necessary steps to peace and the order in which they should be taken.

The Troubles—a civil conflict between members of Northern Ireland’s majority-Protestant community, who wanted Northern Ireland to remain a part of the U.K., and its minority-Catholic community, who wanted the province to become a part of the Republic of Ireland—began in the late 1960s. Late in 1997, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and various Protestant paramilitary groups declared a cease-fire. On April 10, 1998, delegates representing the major parties to the conflict signed the Good Friday Agreement.

A number of IRA members disagreed with the decision to declare a cease-fire, however, and they were disgusted by the Good Friday Agreement, which required the IRA to seek a political solution to the conflict through its representative political party, Sinn Féin. These members split with the group and formed a competing organization, the Real IRA.

It is believed that on the day of the bombing, members of the Real IRA drove across the border from the Republic of Ireland to Omagh in Northern Ireland. Omagh, a small town with a largely Catholic population, had long housed a British army garrison. In the early afternoon, a car carrying a 500-pound bomb was parked in the town’s market square, an area frequently crowded with shoppers and even more so on the day of the bombing, which marked the final day of an annual town carnival week.

Around 2:30 pm a call was placed to Omagh’s police force warning them of a bomb. The police believed it was near the town’s courthouse, a building at the opposite end of the main street from the market square. Police rushed to clear the area, tragically directing people toward the market. Shortly after 3:00 pm, the car bomb exploded, destroying two buildings nearby.

The attack immediately put the peace accords into jeopardy. Although suspicion quickly fell on the Real IRA, many Unionist politicians declared that the IRA’s failure to disarm—its reluctance to do so had been a major obstacle throughout the peace process—had allowed the atrocity. Providing some reassurance about the IRA’s commitment to the peace process, Gerry Adams, president of Sinn Féin, made an unprecedented declaration condemning the bombings. Previously, the IRA’s position was that civilian deaths were regrettable but justified. In the days following the bombing, the British Parliament passed harsh new antiterrorism laws that allowed suspects to be convicted on the word of a senior police officer, and the Real IRA issued an apology for the bombing, insisting that civilians had not been the target.

In December 2001, Nuala O’Loan, the ombudsman for Northern Ireland’s new security force, issued a report severely criticizing the conduct of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), in particular the officers of its Special Branch, in the days before the bombing. The report maintained that a highly regarded police informant warned his Special Branch handlers that a bombing was being planned somewhere in Northern Ireland for August 15. It further alleged that a warning was received by the RUC that a mortar attack on police headquarters in Omagh was also planned for that date. Records of those events, however, were never found within Special Branch.

The victims’ families expressed outrage at the report’s conclusions, outrage that was only heightened when the only person convicted in connection with the Omagh bombing, Republic of Ireland citizen Colm Murphy, had his conviction overturned and a retrial ordered in 2005 because law-enforcement officials tampered with interview notes and perjured themselves. A second suspect, Sean Hoey, Murphy’s nephew, was acquitted in 2007, with the judge once again strongly criticizing law enforcement’s handling of evidence from the attack.

Frustrated by the criminal courts, the families of the victims took the case to civil court, suing Murphy, Seamus Daly, Liam Campbell, and the founder of the Real IRA, Michael McKevitt, for their involvement in the bombing. On June 8, 2009, a judge found that the four men were liable for the attack and awarded the relatives £1.6 million. In 2014, Daly, the last remaining suspect, was charged with murder for those killed in the bombing; the charges against him were dropped in 2016.