Claribel Alegría

Claribel Alegría (born May 12, 1924, Estelí, Nicaragua—died January 25, 2018, Managua) was a Nicaraguan Salvadoran poet, essayist, and journalist who was a major voice in the literature of contemporary Central America. Noted for her testimonio (testament) concerning the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua, she was best known in the United States for the bilingual edition of her volume of poetry, Flores del volcán/Flowers from the Volcano (1982), translated by the poet Carolyn Forché.

At the time of Alegría’s birth, U.S. Marines were stationed in Nicaragua to support the U.S.-backed government, and her father’s criticism of their presence soon led to the family’s exile in El Salvador; Alegría considered herself Salvadoran. She attended George Washington University (B.A., 1948), where she studied with future Nobel Prize-winning poet Juan Ramón Jiménez. During this time she married (1947) Darwin Flakoll, a classmate. The couple lived in the United States, Mexico, Chile, and Uruguay and on the island of Majorca, Spain, before returning to Nicaragua in the 1980s, after the left-leaning Sandinistas had overthrown Pres. Anastasio Somoza Debayle. During this time she also voiced her opposition to the Salvadoran military government. This criticism and the country’s descent into civil war prevented her from traveling to El Salvador for more than a decade.

Alegría’s numerous poetry collections include La mujer del río/Woman of the River (1989), with parallel Spanish and English poetry texts; Fuga de Canto Grande (1992; Fugues); and Soltando amarras (2002; Casting Off). She won the Cuban-sponsored Casa de las Américas prize in 1978 for Sobrevivo (1978; “I Survive”). Her fiction, which contains much sociopolitical commentary, includes the novellas El detén (1977; The Talisman), Albúm familiar (1982; Family Album), and Pueblo de Dios y de Mandinga (1985; Village of God and the Devil), all three of which were published in English in Family Album. Luisa en el país de la realidad (1987; Luisa in Realityland) contains poetry and prose vignettes. Alegría also wrote Tres cuentos (1958; “Three Stories”) and other works for children.

Alegría collaborated with her husband on several works, including Nuevas voces de Norteamérica (1962; New Voices of Hispanic America; coeditor and co-translator), Cenizas de Izalco (1966; Ashes of Izalco; coauthor), No me agarran viva (1983; They Won’t Take Me Alive; coauthor), and Somoza: Expediente cerrado (1993; Death of Somoza; coauthor and translator). The latter is an account of the Sandinistas’ assassination of Somoza in 1980.

In 2006 Alegría was awarded the Neustadt Prize.