Which growth forms occur among plants in Caryophyllales?

The order Caryophyllales is characterized by a wide diversity of growth forms, reflecting its adaptation to various ecological niches, including desertlike and saline environments.12

The growth forms found within this order include:

• Trees and Shrubs: Many tropical families consist of evergreen trees or shrubs.1
• Lianas: Woody climbing plants are found in several families, such as Ancistrocladaceae and Cactaceae.12
• Succulents: Many species feature succulent stems or leaves, which are particularly common in families like Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Cactaceae.12
• Annuals: The order includes various annual plant species.2
• Insectivores: Some members have evolved into carnivorous plants that utilize specialized leaves to trap prey.12
• Prostrate or Erect Plants: Depending on the species, plants may grow in a prostrate or erect habit.1
• Mangroves: Certain members of the order are adapted to mangrove habitats.2

These diverse habits are often accompanied by physiological adaptations, such as salt-excreting glands or specialized photosynthetic pathways like C4 or CAM photosynthesis.12