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Which Cucurbita species produce zucchini, common pumpkins, and ornamental gourds?

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A pile of freshly harvested pumpkins and gourds in various shapes, with striped patterns in shades of yellow, orange, and green. — Cucurbitales Pumpkins and gourds, order Cucurbitales.

The plant species Cucurbita pepo is responsible for producing zucchini, common pumpkins, and various ornamental gourds.1

Within the order Cucurbitales and the family Cucurbitaceae, C. pepo is a highly diverse species that has been cultivated for approximately 10,000 years. It encompasses several distinct horticultural groups, including:1

Zucchini: A variety of summer squash belonging to the Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo Zucchini Group, typically harvested while the fruit is young and the rind is soft.23
Common Pumpkins: Certain varieties of C. pepo, often referred to as field pumpkins, are grown for culinary use and as autumn decorations.41
Ornamental Gourds: Many varieties of C. pepo—specifically those within the subspecies Cucurbita pepo ovifera—are cultivated for their attractive, hard-shelled, and often warty fruits, which are used primarily for decorative purposes rather than consumption.51