How does a ginkgo female gametophyte develop inside an ovule?

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In the ginkgophyte division, the development of the female gametophyte occurs entirely within the ovule of the parent sporophyte. The process follows these stages:12

  • Megaspore Formation: Within the megasporangium, a single cell undergoes meiotic division to produce four haploid megaspores. Typically, one of these megaspores becomes functional and begins to enlarge.32
  • Free Nuclear Division: The functional megaspore undergoes a series of free nuclear divisions—where the nucleus divides repeatedly without the formation of cell walls—eventually producing approximately 8,000 haploid nuclei.12
  • Cellularization: Once the nuclei have multiplied, cell walls begin to form at the periphery and extend inward until the entire gametophyte becomes cellular.12
  • Archegonia Initiation: After the tissue is cellular, usually two archegonia are initiated at the surface of the gametophyte toward the micropylar end. Each archegonium consists of neck cells and a large egg cell, which is then ready for fertilization by the ginkgo's unique, multiflagellated sperm.32