How do male and female Pandanus plants differ?

In the genus Pandanus, the primary difference between male and female plants is that they are dioecious, meaning the male and female flowers are produced on separate individual plants.12

The flowers themselves are simple and lack petals. Because the sexes are separated onto different plants, a single Pandanus tree will only ever produce either male or female flowers, never both. While the flowers are generally described as being densely clustered, the plants rely on these distinct reproductive structures to facilitate the development of fruits, which are typically heavy, ball-shaped, or conelike aggregates formed by the coalescence of the developing ovaries of many female flowers.1