How do brightly coloured fleshy bracts help disperse gnetophyte seeds?

In gnetophytes, the seeds are surrounded by fleshy bracts that may become ivory, red, or orange in color. These brightly colored, fleshy structures are considered an adaptation for animal dispersal, as they likely attract vertebrates that consume the seeds and subsequently disperse them.1

This mechanism functions similarly to other plant species that utilize fleshy, colorful tissues to entice animals to ingest their seeds, thereby facilitating their movement away from the parent plant.23