How are the petals arranged in the buds of Gentianales flowers?

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In the Gentianales order, the arrangement of petals within the flower bud follows one of two primary patterns:

  • Overlapping: The petals are regularly arranged in an overlapping fashion, which may be described as imbricate or convolute.1
  • Valvate: The petals are nonoverlapping, meeting edge-to-edge without overlapping.1

Specifically within the Gentianaceae family, the petals are noted to be joined and are often described as overlapping and twisted while in the bud.2