How are Erica flowers pollinated in South Africa?

In the fynbos ecosystems of South Africa, where the genus Erica is highly diverse, flowers are pollinated by both insects and nectar-eating birds.1

Among the avian pollinators, sunbirds and the Cape sugarbird are particularly significant. These birds have coevolved with the local flora, and their pollination activities are essential to the reproduction of many species within this unique plant community. While insects also play a role in the pollination of these plants, butterflies are notably less frequent participants in this process.1