Why was Kurmanbek Bakiyev criticized after becoming president?

Kurmanbek Bakiyev faced significant criticism during his presidency (2005–2010) due to a combination of political, economic, and ethical failures. Although he rose to power following the "Tulip Revolution"—which was fueled by public anger over corruption and electoral fraud—his administration was soon plagued by similar allegations of corruption and nepotism.12

Key reasons for the criticism against him included:

• Authoritarianism: Bakiyev was accused of consolidating power through the use of authoritarian practices, including the intimidation of political opponents and a dwindling tolerance for dissent.12
• Electoral Irregularities: His administration faced widespread condemnation for failing to meet international standards during elections and referendums, particularly the 2007 constitutional referendum and the 2009 presidential election, which were marred by reports of fraud and the stifling of opposition candidates.12
• Mismanagement: He was criticized for the mismanagement of hydroelectric resources, which contributed to a severe energy crisis in 2008.1
• Suppression of Media: Attacks on journalists increased during his term, which observers viewed as deliberate attempts to silence criticism.12

These factors, compounded by a sharp rise in utility costs, ultimately led to violent unrest in 2010 and his subsequent ouster.12