Why is transportation difficult in parts of southwestern Azerbaijan?

Transportation in southwestern Azerbaijan is challenging primarily due to the region's rugged and broken relief. This area is defined by the spurs of the Lesser Caucasus mountain system, which includes the Shakhdag, Murovdag, and Zangezur ranges, as well as the Karabakh Upland. These mountainous features, with summits reaching nearly 13,000 feet (4,000 meters), create a complex landscape that complicates the development of transportation infrastructure.1