Why is Pachamama important in some Bolivian Indigenous traditions?

In Bolivian Indigenous traditions, Pachamama—often referred to as the Earth Mother—is a central figure of veneration, particularly among communities in the Altiplano. Her importance is rooted in her role as a foundational deity for those closely connected to the land and the cultivation of grain.123

Unlike the sun-focused religion of the Inca state, which emphasized a conquering, celestial hierarchy, the worship of Pachamama represents an enduring, intensive focus on the earth as a sacred, life-giving force. Her significance is maintained through various rituals and customs that have persisted over centuries, often integrated into modern life through syncretic celebrations. For example, in mining cities like Potosí and Oruro, Pachamama is honored alongside other protectors, such as the Virgin of the Mines, during festivals like Carnival. In the context of mining, she is also the recipient of sacrifices, such as llamas, intended to seek her favor and protection.321