Why is Guy Fawkes Night celebrated in England?

Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Bonfire Night, is celebrated in England to commemorate the failure of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.12

The plot was a conspiracy led by Robert Catesby and a group of Roman Catholics, including Guy Fawkes, who sought to retaliate against King James I for the increasing persecution of Catholics. The conspirators intended to blow up the Houses of Parliament during the state opening, with the king and his ministers inside, hoping to incite enough chaos to seize control of the country.345

The plan was foiled when Fawkes was discovered guarding barrels of gunpowder beneath the palace on the night of November 4–5, 1605. In January 1606, Parliament established November 5 as a day of public thanksgiving. Today, the observance is marked by fireworks, bonfires, and the burning of effigies of the conspirator.52