Why is Canada described as a bilingual and multicultural country?

Canada is described as a bilingual and multicultural country due to its historical origins and its evolving demographic landscape.

Bilingualism

Canada’s bilingual status is rooted in its history as a nation formed by two founding groups: France and Great Britain. To reflect this heritage, the Official Languages Act of 1969 established that English and French enjoy equality of status and equal rights in all institutions of the Parliament and Government of Canada. While about three-fifths of the population is English-speaking, approximately one-fourth is French-speaking, with the majority of French speakers residing in Quebec.12

Multiculturalism

Canada’s multicultural identity stems from its history of large-scale immigration, which has significantly diversified the population beyond its British and French roots. In 1971, the federal government adopted multiculturalism as an official national policy to support various ethnic groups and assist them in participating fully in society. Today, this diversity is reflected in the country's varied cultural life, including the contributions of Indigenous peoples and numerous immigrant communities.134