Why is Bangladesh one of the world’s most densely populated countries?

Bangladesh is one of the world’s most densely populated countries primarily due to the high fertility of its land, which is centered in the delta of the Padma and Jamuna rivers.12

The country's geography is defined by these river systems, which annually inundate the countryside and deposit highly fertile silt. This natural process supports intensive agriculture, which has historically sustained large populations. The highest population densities are found in and around Dhaka, which serves as the hub of the country's most fertile zone. Conversely, areas with less favorable terrain, such as the hills of Chittagong, exhibit significantly lower population densities.31

While industrial development has encouraged some migration to urban centers, the vast majority of the population remains tied to these productive, flat landscapes. As of the early 21st century, the average population density has exceeded 2,500 persons per square mile, with recent estimates placing it even higher.145