Why has Latvia worked to preserve its language and folklore?

Latvia has historically prioritized the preservation of its language and folklore as a direct response to centuries of foreign invasion and occupation. Following the loss of political independence in the 13th century, the development of Latvian culture was effectively suppressed for a long period.1

Because the nation was dominated by neighboring powers, the active celebration of Latvian cultural heritage—including the distinct Latvian language—only became possible on a broad scale toward the end of the 19th century. This period, known as the national cultural awakening, allowed Latvians to assert their artistic and linguistic independence. Central to this identity is the daina, or Latvian folk song, which serves as the heart of the country's cultural expression. By maintaining these traditions, Latvians have worked to safeguard their unique national identity against the historical pressures of assimilation and external control.123