Why has Azerbaijan had no trade with Armenia?

Azerbaijan has no trade with Armenia primarily due to the long-standing and intense conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.12

This conflict, which began in the late 1980s during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, led to major military confrontations in 1988–1994 and 2020, as well as ongoing diplomatic tensions. In 1989, the dispute prompted Azerbaijan to impose a blockade against Armenia, which included closing a vital natural gas pipeline.3456

While the two nations have engaged in negotiations and recently announced they were nearing a peace treaty, the historical legacy of displacement, territorial disputes, and periodic violence has prevented the establishment of normal trade relations.345