Why do some of Jupiter’s outer moons orbit in the opposite direction from Jupiter’s rotation?

The outer moons of Jupiter that orbit in the opposite direction of the planet’s rotation—a phenomenon known as retrograde motion—are classified as irregular satellites. Unlike the inner "regular" moons, which formed from a disk of material surrounding the planet, these outer moons are believed to be objects that were captured by Jupiter’s gravity.1234

These moons likely originated independently in the solar nebula or the outer regions of the Jovian system before being pulled into orbit by the planet. This capture process may have been facilitated by a surrounding nebula that slowed the objects down as they entered Jupiter’s vicinity during the planet's early formation. Once captured, many of these parent bodies appear to have broken apart due to the forces involved, resulting in the groups of small, fragmented moons observed today. Because they were not formed within the primordial disk that dictated the prograde motion of the inner moons, they maintain orbits with high inclinations and eccentricities, often moving in the retrograde direction.341