Why did unrest continue in Nagaland after statehood in 1963?

Following the attainment of statehood in 1963, unrest in Nagaland persisted due to ongoing rebel activity that increasingly shifted from political aspirations toward banditry, tribal rivalries, and personal vendettas.1

While a 1975 agreement saw some underground leaders accept the Indian constitution, a core group of extremists continued to agitate for independence. The formation of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland in 1980 further complicated the security landscape. Although a 1997 cease-fire was negotiated with the dominant faction, it proved largely ineffective as violence continued into the 21st century, exacerbated by inter-factional fighting for territorial control.1