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Why did the Turkish Republic abolish the Ottoman caliphate in 1924?

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Map showing the extent of the Abbasid caliphate in the 9th century, with regions under direct Abbasid rule shaded in green, and surrounding areas under Abbasid suzerainty or controlled by other dynasties-Aghlabids of Tunisia, Idrisids of Morocco, Tahirids in the east, and the Umayyad emirate of Spain-indicated in different colors. Major cities such as Baghdad, Cairo, Mecca, and Cordoba are labeled, along with key regional boundaries.
Caliphate

The Turkish Republic abolished the Ottoman caliphate on March 3, 1924, as a definitive step in the transition from a multi-ethnic empire to a modern, secular nation-state.12

Following the Turkish War of Independence, the new leadership under Mustafa Kemal sought to consolidate sovereignty within the Grand National Assembly. The abolition of the sultanate in 1922 had already separated the political office of the sultan from the religious office of the caliph, with Abdülmecid II serving as the final caliph.3

The removal of the caliphate was essential to the Kemalists' broader project of secularization and the creation of a unified Turkish national identity. By ending the institution, the republic eliminated a potential rival center of power that could challenge the authority of the new government and its republican constitution. Following the decree, all members of the former Ottoman dynasty were expelled from the country, marking the final dissolution of the imperial order.132