Why did the Fulani revolt in northern Cameroon in the early 1800s?

In the early 1800s, the Fulani revolt in northern Cameroon was primarily driven by their frustration with living under non-Muslim rule.1

While early groups of pastoralist Fulani had been welcomed by local host populations upon their arrival in the 18th century, their status eventually shifted. Encouraged by the teachings of the mystic Usman dan Fodio, the Fulani sought to establish governance based on the principles of Islam.1

Under the authority of Usman dan Fodio, Modibbo Adama was appointed to lead a jihad (holy war) in the region beginning in 1809. This movement resulted in the creation of the vast Adamawa emirate, which incorporated large areas of northern Cameroon into the Sokoto empire.213