Why did many Icelanders emigrate to Canada between 1870 and 1914?

Between 1870 and 1914, approximately 15,000 Icelanders emigrated to North America, with the majority settling in Canada. This large-scale migration was primarily driven by unfavorable economic conditions in Iceland.12

During the 19th century, Iceland experienced significant economic stagnation compared to other nations in western Europe. The country faced a growing population that placed increasing strain on its limited resources, particularly the badly eroded soil in rural areas. As the economy struggled, many Icelanders viewed emigration as the only viable solution to their hardships. These difficult circumstances, which included limited opportunities for advancement, prompted many to seek a better life abroad.12