Why did Turkish forces land in Cyprus in July 1974?

In July 1974, Turkish forces landed in Cyprus following a coup d'état on July 15, 1974, which was orchestrated by the Greek military junta and carried out by the Cypriot National Guard.12

The coup aimed to assassinate President Makarios III and establish enosis (union with Greece). Although Makarios escaped, the coup leaders proclaimed Nikos Sampson as president.13

Turkey, acting as one of the three guarantor powers of the 1960 constitutional settlement alongside Britain and Greece, intervened militarily after failing to persuade the other powers to take effective action. Turkey’s stated objective was to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriot community, which felt threatened by the push for enosis. Following the landing at Kyrenia, Turkish forces occupied the northern part of the island, eventually leading to the proclamation of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.123