Why did Portugal and India break diplomatic relations in 1955?

The diplomatic relations between Portugal and India were severed on August 18, 1955, primarily due to escalating tensions over the status of Portuguese territories in the Indian subcontinent.12

Following India's independence in 1947, the Indian government sought to integrate Portuguese holdings—specifically Goa, Daman, and Diu—into the new republic. The situation intensified in 1955 when satyagrahis (nonviolent resisters) from India attempted to enter the territory of Goa to protest Portuguese colonial rule. While initial groups were deported, the Portuguese authorities eventually responded with force as larger numbers of protesters attempted to cross the borders, resulting in numerous casualties. This violent suppression of peaceful demonstrators led directly to the breakdown of diplomatic ties between the two nations.12