Why did Newfoundland and Labrador join Canada in 1949?

Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada on March 31, 1949, following a period of significant political and economic transition after World War II.12

Prior to joining, Newfoundland had been governed by a commission since 1934 due to severe economic difficulties. Following the war, which had stimulated the local economy through the construction of military bases, the British government established a National Convention in 1946 to determine the colony's future form of government.21

Two primary factions emerged during this process: those who advocated for the restoration of responsible government and those, led by Joseph (“Joey”) Roberts Smallwood, who campaigned for union with Canada. After an initial referendum in June 1948 proved inconclusive, a second referendum held on July 22, 1948, resulted in a 52.3 percent majority in favor of confederation. This decision was finalized through an amendment to the British North America Act, formally making Newfoundland the tenth Canadian province.213